Imperative Mood: Detailed Commands
Complete guide to forming and using commands (imperative mood) in Spanish.
Affirmative Tú Commands
Regular formation - use 3rd person singular present:
hablar → habla (speak!) comer → come (eat!) escribir → escribe (write!)
¡Habla español! (Speak Spanish!) ¡Come tus vegetales! (Eat your vegetables!)
Irregular Affirmative Tú Commands
Common irregulars: decir → di (say/tell) hacer → haz (do/make) ir → ve (go) poner → pon (put) salir → sal (leave/go out) ser → sé (be) tener → ten (have) venir → ven (come)
¡Ven aquí! (Come here!) ¡Haz tu tarea! (Do your homework!)
Negative Tú Commands
Use present subjunctive:
hablar → no hables (don't speak) comer → no comas (don't eat) escribir → no escribas (don't write)
¡No hables tan rápido! (Don't speak so fast!) ¡No comas eso! (Don't eat that!)
Usted Commands (Formal)
Both affirmative and negative use subjunctive:
Affirmative: hablar → hable (speak - formal) comer → coma (eat - formal) escribir → escriba (write - formal)
Hable más despacio, por favor. (Speak more slowly, please.)
Negative: No hable tan rápido. (Don't speak so fast.) No coma eso. (Don't eat that.)
Ustedes Commands (You All)
Same as usted but plural - use subjunctive:
Affirmative: hablar → hablen (speak - you all) comer → coman (eat - you all) escribir → escriban (write - you all)
¡Hablen en español! (Speak in Spanish!)
Negative: ¡No hablen en clase! (Don't talk in class!)
Nosotros Commands (Let's)
Use subjunctive for "let's":
hablar → hablemos (let's speak) comer → comamos (let's eat) ir → vamos (let's go - irregular affirmative)
¡Hablemos! (Let's talk!) ¡Vamos! (Let's go!)
Negative: ¡No vayamos! (Let's not go!)
Pronoun Placement
Affirmative commands - attach pronouns: Dime. (Tell me.) Cómelo. (Eat it.) Házmelo. (Make it for me.) Levántate. (Get up.)
Negative commands - pronouns before verb: No me digas. (Don't tell me.) No lo comas. (Don't eat it.) No te levantes. (Don't get up.)
Accent Marks with Pronouns
When adding pronouns, maintain stress with accents:
habla + me → háblame (talk to me) escribe + lo → escríbelo (write it) compra + lo → cómpralo (buy it)
Reflexive Verbs in Commands
Affirmative - attach reflexive pronoun: levantarse → levántate (get up - tú) levantarse → levántese (get up - usted)
Negative - pronoun before verb: no te levantes (don't get up - tú) no se levante (don't get up - usted)
Double Object Pronouns
Order: reflexive/indirect + direct: Dímelo. (Tell it to me.) Escríbeselo. (Write it to him/her.) No me lo digas. (Don't tell it to me.)
Common Command Phrases
¡Ven acá! (Come here!) ¡Vete! (Go away!) ¡Siéntate! (Sit down!) ¡Cállate! (Be quiet!) ¡Dime! (Tell me!) ¡Hazlo! (Do it!) ¡No lo hagas! (Don't do it!) ¡Ten cuidado! (Be careful!)
Softening Commands
Use por favor: Cierra la puerta, por favor. (Close the door, please.)
Use conditional or subjunctive for politeness: ¿Podrías cerrar la puerta? (Could you close the door?) Quisiera que cierres la puerta. (I'd like you to close the door.)
Vosotros Commands (Spain)
Affirmative - change 'r' to 'd': hablar → hablad comer → comed
With reflexive - drop 'd': levantarse → levantaos
Negative - use subjunctive: no habléis
Practice
'Tell me' (tú, affirmative) →