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Asking Questions: Interrogatives & Word Order

Learn how to form yes/no questions and information questions using Spanish interrogative words.

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Introduction

Spanish questions look a little different from English. There's no "do/does" helper verb, the word order is more flexible, and every question gets an upside-down question mark at the start: ¿…? This lesson covers the two main question types and all the interrogative words you need.

Yes/No Questions

To turn a statement into a yes/no question, you can:

1. Just raise your intonation (most common in speech)

  • Tú hablas español.¿Tú hablas español?

2. Invert the subject and verb

  • María tiene un gato.¿Tiene María un gato?

3. Add a tag question

  • Hablas español, ¿no? — You speak Spanish, right?
  • Hace frío, ¿verdad? — It's cold, isn't it?

No "do/does": Unlike English, Spanish doesn't use a helper verb. Do you speak Spanish? = ¿Hablas español? — just the verb itself.

Interrogative Words (Palabras Interrogativas)

All interrogative words carry an accent mark when used in questions:

SpanishEnglishExample
¿Qué?What?¿Qué quieres? (What do you want?)
¿Quién? / ¿Quiénes?Who?¿Quién es ella? (Who is she?)
¿Cuál? / ¿Cuáles?Which? / What?¿Cuál prefieres? (Which do you prefer?)
¿Dónde?Where?¿Dónde vives? (Where do you live?)
¿Cuándo?When?¿Cuándo es la fiesta? (When is the party?)
¿Cómo?How?¿Cómo estás? (How are you?)
¿Por qué?Why?¿Por qué estudias español? (Why do you study Spanish?)
¿Cuánto/a?How much?¿Cuánto cuesta? (How much does it cost?)
¿Cuántos/as?How many?¿Cuántos años tienes? (How old are you?)

¿Qué? vs ¿Cuál?

This is a common point of confusion:

  • ¿Qué? asks for a definition or category: ¿Qué es esto? (What is this?)
  • ¿Cuál? asks for a choice or specific answer: ¿Cuál es tu nombre? (What is your name?)
EnglishSpanishWhy
What is this?¿Qué es esto?Asking for a definition
What is your name?¿Cuál es tu nombre?Asking for a specific answer
What do you want?¿Qué quieres?Before a verb → use qué
Which book?¿Qué libro?Before a noun → use qué
Which one?¿Cuál?No noun after → use cuál

Rule of thumb: Before a noun, use qué. Before es/son when asking for specifics, use cuál.

Question Word Order

The basic pattern for information questions:

¿Interrogative + verb + (subject)?

  • ¿Dónde trabaja tu padre? — Where does your father work?
  • ¿Cuándo llega el tren? — When does the train arrive?
  • ¿Cómo se llama usted? — What is your name? (formal)

The subject can be omitted when it's clear from context:

  • ¿Dónde vives? — Where do you live? (tú is implied)

Prepositions with Question Words

Prepositions go before the interrogative word (unlike English, where they can go at the end):

  • ¿De dónde eres? — Where are you from? (not ¿Dónde eres de?)
  • ¿Con quién vas? — Who are you going with?
  • ¿A qué hora empieza? — What time does it start?
  • ¿Para qué es esto? — What is this for?

Practice

How do you say 'Where do you live?' in Spanish?

'What is your name?' translates as…

How do you ask 'Where are you from?'

Which question word asks about quantity?